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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>17.6. sched — Event scheduler — Python 3.6.7 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pydoctheme.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" /> <script type="text/javascript" id="documentation_options" data-url_root="../" src="../_static/documentation_options.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Search within Python 3.6.7 documentation" href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/> <link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="../about.html" /> <link rel="index" title="Index" href="../genindex.html" /> <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html" /> <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" /> <link rel="next" title="17.7. queue — A synchronized queue class" href="queue.html" /> <link rel="prev" title="17.5. subprocess — Subprocess management" href="subprocess.html" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="../_static/py.png" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/sched.html" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/copybutton.js"></script> </head><body> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" accesskey="I">index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="queue.html" title="17.7. queue — A synchronized queue class" accesskey="N">next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="subprocess.html" title="17.5. subprocess — Subprocess management" accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">3.6.7 Documentation</a> » </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-2"><a href="concurrency.html" accesskey="U">17. Concurrent Execution</a> »</li> <li class="right"> <div class="inline-search" style="display: none" role="search"> <form class="inline-search" action="../search.html" method="get"> <input placeholder="Quick search" type="text" name="q" /> <input type="submit" value="Go" /> <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" /> <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" /> </form> </div> <script type="text/javascript">$('.inline-search').show(0);</script> | </li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body" role="main"> <div class="section" id="module-sched"> <span id="sched-event-scheduler"></span><h1>17.6. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-sched" title="sched: General purpose event scheduler."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sched</span></code></a> — Event scheduler<a class="headerlink" href="#module-sched" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <p><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.6/Lib/sched.py">Lib/sched.py</a></p> <hr class="docutils" id="index-0" /> <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-sched" title="sched: General purpose event scheduler."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sched</span></code></a> module defines a class which implements a general purpose event scheduler:</p> <dl class="class"> <dt id="sched.scheduler"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">sched.</code><code class="descname">scheduler</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>timefunc=time.monotonic</em>, <em>delayfunc=time.sleep</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#sched.scheduler" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#sched.scheduler" title="sched.scheduler"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">scheduler</span></code></a> class defines a generic interface to scheduling events. It needs two functions to actually deal with the “outside world” — <em>timefunc</em> should be callable without arguments, and return a number (the “time”, in any units whatsoever). If time.monotonic is not available, the <em>timefunc</em> default is time.time instead. The <em>delayfunc</em> function should be callable with one argument, compatible with the output of <em>timefunc</em>, and should delay that many time units. <em>delayfunc</em> will also be called with the argument <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> after each event is run to allow other threads an opportunity to run in multi-threaded applications.</p> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.3: </span><em>timefunc</em> and <em>delayfunc</em> parameters are optional.</p> </div> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.3: </span><a class="reference internal" href="#sched.scheduler" title="sched.scheduler"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">scheduler</span></code></a> class can be safely used in multi-threaded environments.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <p>Example:</p> <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">sched</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nn">time</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">s</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">sched</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">scheduler</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sleep</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">print_time</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'default'</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="gp">... </span> <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"From print_time"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">a</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="gp">...</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">print_some_times</span><span class="p">():</span> <span class="gp">... </span> <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="p">())</span> <span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">enter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">print_time</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">enter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">print_time</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">argument</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'positional'</span><span class="p">,))</span> <span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">enter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">print_time</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">'a'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">'keyword'</span><span class="p">})</span> <span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">run</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="gp">... </span> <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="p">())</span> <span class="gp">...</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">print_some_times</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="go">930343690.257</span> <span class="go">From print_time 930343695.274 positional</span> <span class="go">From print_time 930343695.275 keyword</span> <span class="go">From print_time 930343700.273 default</span> <span class="go">930343700.276</span> </pre></div> </div> <div class="section" id="scheduler-objects"> <span id="id1"></span><h2>17.6.1. Scheduler Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#scheduler-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p><a class="reference internal" href="#sched.scheduler" title="sched.scheduler"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">scheduler</span></code></a> instances have the following methods and attributes:</p> <dl class="method"> <dt id="sched.scheduler.enterabs"> <code class="descclassname">scheduler.</code><code class="descname">enterabs</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>time</em>, <em>priority</em>, <em>action</em>, <em>argument=()</em>, <em>kwargs={}</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#sched.scheduler.enterabs" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Schedule a new event. The <em>time</em> argument should be a numeric type compatible with the return value of the <em>timefunc</em> function passed to the constructor. Events scheduled for the same <em>time</em> will be executed in the order of their <em>priority</em>. A lower number represents a higher priority.</p> <p>Executing the event means executing <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">action(*argument,</span> <span class="pre">**kwargs)</span></code>. <em>argument</em> is a sequence holding the positional arguments for <em>action</em>. <em>kwargs</em> is a dictionary holding the keyword arguments for <em>action</em>.</p> <p>Return value is an event which may be used for later cancellation of the event (see <a class="reference internal" href="#sched.scheduler.cancel" title="sched.scheduler.cancel"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cancel()</span></code></a>).</p> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.3: </span><em>argument</em> parameter is optional.</p> </div> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.3: </span><em>kwargs</em> parameter was added.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="sched.scheduler.enter"> <code class="descclassname">scheduler.</code><code class="descname">enter</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>delay</em>, <em>priority</em>, <em>action</em>, <em>argument=()</em>, <em>kwargs={}</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#sched.scheduler.enter" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Schedule an event for <em>delay</em> more time units. Other than the relative time, the other arguments, the effect and the return value are the same as those for <a class="reference internal" href="#sched.scheduler.enterabs" title="sched.scheduler.enterabs"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">enterabs()</span></code></a>.</p> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.3: </span><em>argument</em> parameter is optional.</p> </div> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.3: </span><em>kwargs</em> parameter was added.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="sched.scheduler.cancel"> <code class="descclassname">scheduler.</code><code class="descname">cancel</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>event</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#sched.scheduler.cancel" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Remove the event from the queue. If <em>event</em> is not an event currently in the queue, this method will raise a <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="sched.scheduler.empty"> <code class="descclassname">scheduler.</code><code class="descname">empty</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#sched.scheduler.empty" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return true if the event queue is empty.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="sched.scheduler.run"> <code class="descclassname">scheduler.</code><code class="descname">run</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>blocking=True</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#sched.scheduler.run" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Run all scheduled events. This method will wait (using the <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">delayfunc()</span></code> function passed to the constructor) for the next event, then execute it and so on until there are no more scheduled events.</p> <p>If <em>blocking</em> is false executes the scheduled events due to expire soonest (if any) and then return the deadline of the next scheduled call in the scheduler (if any).</p> <p>Either <em>action</em> or <em>delayfunc</em> can raise an exception. In either case, the scheduler will maintain a consistent state and propagate the exception. If an exception is raised by <em>action</em>, the event will not be attempted in future calls to <a class="reference internal" href="#sched.scheduler.run" title="sched.scheduler.run"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">run()</span></code></a>.</p> <p>If a sequence of events takes longer to run than the time available before the next event, the scheduler will simply fall behind. No events will be dropped; the calling code is responsible for canceling events which are no longer pertinent.</p> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.3: </span><em>blocking</em> parameter was added.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="sched.scheduler.queue"> <code class="descclassname">scheduler.</code><code class="descname">queue</code><a class="headerlink" href="#sched.scheduler.queue" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Read-only attribute returning a list of upcoming events in the order they will be run. Each event is shown as a <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-named-tuple"><span class="xref std std-term">named tuple</span></a> with the following fields: time, priority, action, argument, kwargs.</p> </dd></dl> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <h3><a href="../contents.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3> <ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">17.6. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sched</span></code> — Event scheduler</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#scheduler-objects">17.6.1. Scheduler Objects</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h4>Previous topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="subprocess.html" title="previous chapter">17.5. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">subprocess</span></code> — Subprocess management</a></p> <h4>Next topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="queue.html" title="next chapter">17.7. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">queue</span></code> — A synchronized queue class</a></p> <div role="note" aria-label="source link"> <h3>This Page</h3> <ul class="this-page-menu"> <li><a href="../bugs.html">Report a Bug</a></li> <li> <a href="https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.6/Doc/library/sched.rst" rel="nofollow">Show Source </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" >index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="queue.html" title="17.7. queue — A synchronized queue class" >next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="subprocess.html" title="17.5. subprocess — Subprocess management" >previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">3.6.7 Documentation</a> » </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-2"><a href="concurrency.html" >17. Concurrent Execution</a> »</li> <li class="right"> <div class="inline-search" style="display: none" role="search"> <form class="inline-search" action="../search.html" method="get"> <input placeholder="Quick search" type="text" name="q" /> <input type="submit" value="Go" /> <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" /> <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" /> </form> </div> <script type="text/javascript">$('.inline-search').show(0);</script> | </li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer"> © <a href="../copyright.html">Copyright</a> 2001-2023, Python Software Foundation. <br /> The Python Software Foundation is a non-profit corporation. <a href="https://www.python.org/psf/donations/">Please donate.</a> <br /> Last updated on Dec 18, 2023. <a href="../bugs.html">Found a bug</a>? <br /> Created using <a href="http://sphinx.pocoo.org/">Sphinx</a> 1.7.6. </div> </body> </html>
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