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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>35.8. pty — Pseudo-terminal utilities — Python 3.6.7 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pydoctheme.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" /> <script type="text/javascript" id="documentation_options" data-url_root="../" src="../_static/documentation_options.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Search within Python 3.6.7 documentation" href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/> <link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="../about.html" /> <link rel="index" title="Index" href="../genindex.html" /> <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html" /> <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" /> <link rel="next" title="35.9. fcntl — The fcntl and ioctl system calls" href="fcntl.html" /> <link rel="prev" title="35.7. tty — Terminal control functions" href="tty.html" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="../_static/py.png" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/pty.html" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/copybutton.js"></script> </head><body> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" accesskey="I">index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="fcntl.html" title="35.9. fcntl — The fcntl and ioctl system calls" accesskey="N">next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="tty.html" title="35.7. tty — Terminal control functions" accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">3.6.7 Documentation</a> » </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-2"><a href="unix.html" accesskey="U">35. Unix Specific Services</a> »</li> <li class="right"> <div class="inline-search" style="display: none" role="search"> <form class="inline-search" action="../search.html" method="get"> <input placeholder="Quick search" type="text" name="q" /> <input type="submit" value="Go" /> <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" /> <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" /> </form> </div> <script type="text/javascript">$('.inline-search').show(0);</script> | </li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body" role="main"> <div class="section" id="module-pty"> <span id="pty-pseudo-terminal-utilities"></span><h1>35.8. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-pty" title="pty: Pseudo-Terminal Handling for Linux. (Linux)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pty</span></code></a> — Pseudo-terminal utilities<a class="headerlink" href="#module-pty" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <p><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.6/Lib/pty.py">Lib/pty.py</a></p> <hr class="docutils" /> <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-pty" title="pty: Pseudo-Terminal Handling for Linux. (Linux)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pty</span></code></a> module defines operations for handling the pseudo-terminal concept: starting another process and being able to write to and read from its controlling terminal programmatically.</p> <p>Because pseudo-terminal handling is highly platform dependent, there is code to do it only for Linux. (The Linux code is supposed to work on other platforms, but hasn’t been tested yet.)</p> <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-pty" title="pty: Pseudo-Terminal Handling for Linux. (Linux)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pty</span></code></a> module defines the following functions:</p> <dl class="function"> <dt id="pty.fork"> <code class="descclassname">pty.</code><code class="descname">fork</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pty.fork" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Fork. Connect the child’s controlling terminal to a pseudo-terminal. Return value is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(pid,</span> <span class="pre">fd)</span></code>. Note that the child gets <em>pid</em> 0, and the <em>fd</em> is <em>invalid</em>. The parent’s return value is the <em>pid</em> of the child, and <em>fd</em> is a file descriptor connected to the child’s controlling terminal (and also to the child’s standard input and output).</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="pty.openpty"> <code class="descclassname">pty.</code><code class="descname">openpty</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pty.openpty" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Open a new pseudo-terminal pair, using <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.openpty" title="os.openpty"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.openpty()</span></code></a> if possible, or emulation code for generic Unix systems. Return a pair of file descriptors <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(master,</span> <span class="pre">slave)</span></code>, for the master and the slave end, respectively.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="pty.spawn"> <code class="descclassname">pty.</code><code class="descname">spawn</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>argv</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>master_read</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>stdin_read</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pty.spawn" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Spawn a process, and connect its controlling terminal with the current process’s standard io. This is often used to baffle programs which insist on reading from the controlling terminal.</p> <p>The functions <em>master_read</em> and <em>stdin_read</em> should be functions which read from a file descriptor. The defaults try to read 1024 bytes each time they are called.</p> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.4: </span><a class="reference internal" href="#pty.spawn" title="pty.spawn"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">spawn()</span></code></a> now returns the status value from <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.waitpid" title="os.waitpid"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.waitpid()</span></code></a> on the child process.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <div class="section" id="example"> <h2>35.8.1. Example<a class="headerlink" href="#example" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>The following program acts like the Unix command <em class="manpage">script(1)</em>, using a pseudo-terminal to record all input and output of a terminal session in a “typescript”.</p> <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">argparse</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">os</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">pty</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">sys</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">time</span> <span class="n">parser</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">argparse</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ArgumentParser</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_argument</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'-a'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dest</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'append'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">action</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'store_true'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_argument</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'-p'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dest</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'use_python'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">action</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'store_true'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_argument</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'filename'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">nargs</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'?'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">default</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'typescript'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">options</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">parser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parse_args</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="n">shell</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">executable</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">options</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">use_python</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">environ</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'SHELL'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'sh'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">filename</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">options</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">filename</span> <span class="n">mode</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'ab'</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">options</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="s1">'wb'</span> <span class="k">with</span> <span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">filename</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">mode</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">script</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">read</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fd</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="n">data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fd</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1024</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">script</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">data</span> <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Script started, file is'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">filename</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">script</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="s1">'Script started on </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s1">'</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">asctime</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">encode</span><span class="p">())</span> <span class="n">pty</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">spawn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">shell</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">read</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">script</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="s1">'Script done on </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s1">'</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">asctime</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">encode</span><span class="p">())</span> <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Script done, file is'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">filename</span><span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <h3><a href="../contents.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3> <ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">35.8. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pty</span></code> — Pseudo-terminal utilities</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#example">35.8.1. Example</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h4>Previous topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="tty.html" title="previous chapter">35.7. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tty</span></code> — Terminal control functions</a></p> <h4>Next topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="fcntl.html" title="next chapter">35.9. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fcntl</span></code> — The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fcntl</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ioctl</span></code> system calls</a></p> <div role="note" aria-label="source link"> <h3>This Page</h3> <ul class="this-page-menu"> <li><a href="../bugs.html">Report a Bug</a></li> <li> <a href="https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.6/Doc/library/pty.rst" rel="nofollow">Show Source </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" >index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="fcntl.html" title="35.9. fcntl — The fcntl and ioctl system calls" >next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="tty.html" title="35.7. tty — Terminal control functions" >previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">3.6.7 Documentation</a> » </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-2"><a href="unix.html" >35. 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