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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>32.11. compileall — Byte-compile Python libraries — Python 3.6.7 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pydoctheme.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" /> <script type="text/javascript" id="documentation_options" data-url_root="../" src="../_static/documentation_options.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Search within Python 3.6.7 documentation" href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/> <link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="../about.html" /> <link rel="index" title="Index" href="../genindex.html" /> <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html" /> <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" /> <link rel="next" title="32.12. dis — Disassembler for Python bytecode" href="dis.html" /> <link rel="prev" title="32.10. py_compile — Compile Python source files" href="py_compile.html" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="../_static/py.png" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/compileall.html" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/copybutton.js"></script> </head><body> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" accesskey="I">index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="dis.html" title="32.12. dis — Disassembler for Python bytecode" accesskey="N">next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="py_compile.html" title="32.10. py_compile — Compile Python source files" accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">3.6.7 Documentation</a> » </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-2"><a href="language.html" accesskey="U">32. Python Language Services</a> »</li> <li class="right"> <div class="inline-search" style="display: none" role="search"> <form class="inline-search" action="../search.html" method="get"> <input placeholder="Quick search" type="text" name="q" /> <input type="submit" value="Go" /> <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" /> <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" /> </form> </div> <script type="text/javascript">$('.inline-search').show(0);</script> | </li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body" role="main"> <div class="section" id="module-compileall"> <span id="compileall-byte-compile-python-libraries"></span><h1>32.11. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-compileall" title="compileall: Tools for byte-compiling all Python source files in a directory tree."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">compileall</span></code></a> — Byte-compile Python libraries<a class="headerlink" href="#module-compileall" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <p><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.6/Lib/compileall.py">Lib/compileall.py</a></p> <hr class="docutils" /> <p>This module provides some utility functions to support installing Python libraries. These functions compile Python source files in a directory tree. This module can be used to create the cached byte-code files at library installation time, which makes them available for use even by users who don’t have write permission to the library directories.</p> <div class="section" id="command-line-use"> <h2>32.11.1. Command-line use<a class="headerlink" href="#command-line-use" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>This module can work as a script (using <strong class="program">python -m compileall</strong>) to compile Python sources.</p> <dl class="cmdoption"> <dt id="cmdoption-compileall-arg-directory"> <code class="descname">directory</code><code class="descclassname"> ...</code><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-compileall-arg-directory" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dt id="cmdoption-compileall-arg-file"> <code class="descname">file</code><code class="descclassname"> ...</code><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-compileall-arg-file" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Positional arguments are files to compile or directories that contain source files, traversed recursively. If no argument is given, behave as if the command line was <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-l</span> <span class="pre"><directories</span> <span class="pre">from</span> <span class="pre">sys.path></span></code>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="cmdoption"> <dt id="cmdoption-compileall-l"> <code class="descname">-l</code><code class="descclassname"></code><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-compileall-l" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Do not recurse into subdirectories, only compile source code files directly contained in the named or implied directories.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="cmdoption"> <dt id="cmdoption-compileall-f"> <code class="descname">-f</code><code class="descclassname"></code><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-compileall-f" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Force rebuild even if timestamps are up-to-date.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="cmdoption"> <dt id="cmdoption-compileall-q"> <code class="descname">-q</code><code class="descclassname"></code><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-compileall-q" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Do not print the list of files compiled. If passed once, error messages will still be printed. If passed twice (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-qq</span></code>), all output is suppressed.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="cmdoption"> <dt id="cmdoption-compileall-d"> <code class="descname">-d</code><code class="descclassname"> destdir</code><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-compileall-d" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Directory prepended to the path to each file being compiled. This will appear in compilation time tracebacks, and is also compiled in to the byte-code file, where it will be used in tracebacks and other messages in cases where the source file does not exist at the time the byte-code file is executed.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="cmdoption"> <dt id="cmdoption-compileall-x"> <code class="descname">-x</code><code class="descclassname"> regex</code><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-compileall-x" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>regex is used to search the full path to each file considered for compilation, and if the regex produces a match, the file is skipped.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="cmdoption"> <dt id="cmdoption-compileall-i"> <code class="descname">-i</code><code class="descclassname"> list</code><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-compileall-i" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Read the file <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">list</span></code> and add each line that it contains to the list of files and directories to compile. If <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">list</span></code> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-</span></code>, read lines from <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">stdin</span></code>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="cmdoption"> <dt id="cmdoption-compileall-b"> <code class="descname">-b</code><code class="descclassname"></code><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-compileall-b" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Write the byte-code files to their legacy locations and names, which may overwrite byte-code files created by another version of Python. The default is to write files to their <span class="target" id="index-0"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3147"><strong>PEP 3147</strong></a> locations and names, which allows byte-code files from multiple versions of Python to coexist.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="cmdoption"> <dt id="cmdoption-compileall-r"> <code class="descname">-r</code><code class="descclassname"></code><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-compileall-r" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Control the maximum recursion level for subdirectories. If this is given, then <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-l</span></code> option will not be taken into account. <strong class="program">python -m compileall <directory> -r 0</strong> is equivalent to <strong class="program">python -m compileall <directory> -l</strong>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="cmdoption"> <dt id="cmdoption-compileall-j"> <code class="descname">-j</code><code class="descclassname"> N</code><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-compileall-j" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Use <em>N</em> workers to compile the files within the given directory. If <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> is used, then the result of <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.cpu_count" title="os.cpu_count"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.cpu_count()</span></code></a> will be used.</p> </dd></dl> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.2: </span>Added the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-i</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-b</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-h</span></code> options.</p> </div> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.5: </span>Added the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-j</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-r</span></code>, and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-qq</span></code> options. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-q</span></code> option was changed to a multilevel value. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-b</span></code> will always produce a byte-code file ending in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.pyc</span></code>, never <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.pyo</span></code>.</p> </div> <p>There is no command-line option to control the optimization level used by the <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#compile" title="compile"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">compile()</span></code></a> function, because the Python interpreter itself already provides the option: <strong class="program">python -O -m compileall</strong>.</p> </div> <div class="section" id="public-functions"> <h2>32.11.2. Public functions<a class="headerlink" href="#public-functions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <dl class="function"> <dt id="compileall.compile_dir"> <code class="descclassname">compileall.</code><code class="descname">compile_dir</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>dir</em>, <em>maxlevels=10</em>, <em>ddir=None</em>, <em>force=False</em>, <em>rx=None</em>, <em>quiet=0</em>, <em>legacy=False</em>, <em>optimize=-1</em>, <em>workers=1</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#compileall.compile_dir" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Recursively descend the directory tree named by <em>dir</em>, compiling all <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.py</span></code> files along the way. Return a true value if all the files compiled successfully, and a false value otherwise.</p> <p>The <em>maxlevels</em> parameter is used to limit the depth of the recursion; it defaults to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">10</span></code>.</p> <p>If <em>ddir</em> is given, it is prepended to the path to each file being compiled for use in compilation time tracebacks, and is also compiled in to the byte-code file, where it will be used in tracebacks and other messages in cases where the source file does not exist at the time the byte-code file is executed.</p> <p>If <em>force</em> is true, modules are re-compiled even if the timestamps are up to date.</p> <p>If <em>rx</em> is given, its search method is called on the complete path to each file considered for compilation, and if it returns a true value, the file is skipped.</p> <p>If <em>quiet</em> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> (the default), the filenames and other information are printed to standard out. Set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span></code>, only errors are printed. Set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">2</span></code>, all output is suppressed.</p> <p>If <em>legacy</em> is true, byte-code files are written to their legacy locations and names, which may overwrite byte-code files created by another version of Python. The default is to write files to their <span class="target" id="index-1"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3147"><strong>PEP 3147</strong></a> locations and names, which allows byte-code files from multiple versions of Python to coexist.</p> <p><em>optimize</em> specifies the optimization level for the compiler. It is passed to the built-in <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#compile" title="compile"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">compile()</span></code></a> function.</p> <p>The argument <em>workers</em> specifies how many workers are used to compile files in parallel. The default is to not use multiple workers. If the platform can’t use multiple workers and <em>workers</em> argument is given, then sequential compilation will be used as a fallback. If <em>workers</em> is lower than <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code>, a <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> will be raised.</p> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.2: </span>Added the <em>legacy</em> and <em>optimize</em> parameter.</p> </div> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.5: </span>Added the <em>workers</em> parameter.</p> </div> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.5: </span><em>quiet</em> parameter was changed to a multilevel value.</p> </div> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.5: </span>The <em>legacy</em> parameter only writes out <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.pyc</span></code> files, not <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.pyo</span></code> files no matter what the value of <em>optimize</em> is.</p> </div> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.6: </span>Accepts a <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-path-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">path-like object</span></a>.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="compileall.compile_file"> <code class="descclassname">compileall.</code><code class="descname">compile_file</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>fullname</em>, <em>ddir=None</em>, <em>force=False</em>, <em>rx=None</em>, <em>quiet=0</em>, <em>legacy=False</em>, <em>optimize=-1</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#compileall.compile_file" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Compile the file with path <em>fullname</em>. Return a true value if the file compiled successfully, and a false value otherwise.</p> <p>If <em>ddir</em> is given, it is prepended to the path to the file being compiled for use in compilation time tracebacks, and is also compiled in to the byte-code file, where it will be used in tracebacks and other messages in cases where the source file does not exist at the time the byte-code file is executed.</p> <p>If <em>rx</em> is given, its search method is passed the full path name to the file being compiled, and if it returns a true value, the file is not compiled and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> is returned.</p> <p>If <em>quiet</em> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> (the default), the filenames and other information are printed to standard out. Set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span></code>, only errors are printed. Set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">2</span></code>, all output is suppressed.</p> <p>If <em>legacy</em> is true, byte-code files are written to their legacy locations and names, which may overwrite byte-code files created by another version of Python. The default is to write files to their <span class="target" id="index-2"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3147"><strong>PEP 3147</strong></a> locations and names, which allows byte-code files from multiple versions of Python to coexist.</p> <p><em>optimize</em> specifies the optimization level for the compiler. It is passed to the built-in <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#compile" title="compile"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">compile()</span></code></a> function.</p> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.2.</span></p> </div> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.5: </span><em>quiet</em> parameter was changed to a multilevel value.</p> </div> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.5: </span>The <em>legacy</em> parameter only writes out <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.pyc</span></code> files, not <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.pyo</span></code> files no matter what the value of <em>optimize</em> is.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="compileall.compile_path"> <code class="descclassname">compileall.</code><code class="descname">compile_path</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>skip_curdir=True</em>, <em>maxlevels=0</em>, <em>force=False</em>, <em>quiet=0</em>, <em>legacy=False</em>, <em>optimize=-1</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#compileall.compile_path" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Byte-compile all the <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.py</span></code> files found along <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.path</span></code>. Return a true value if all the files compiled successfully, and a false value otherwise.</p> <p>If <em>skip_curdir</em> is true (the default), the current directory is not included in the search. All other parameters are passed to the <a class="reference internal" href="#compileall.compile_dir" title="compileall.compile_dir"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">compile_dir()</span></code></a> function. Note that unlike the other compile functions, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">maxlevels</span></code> defaults to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code>.</p> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.2: </span>Added the <em>legacy</em> and <em>optimize</em> parameter.</p> </div> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.5: </span><em>quiet</em> parameter was changed to a multilevel value.</p> </div> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.5: </span>The <em>legacy</em> parameter only writes out <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.pyc</span></code> files, not <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.pyo</span></code> files no matter what the value of <em>optimize</em> is.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <p>To force a recompile of all the <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.py</span></code> files in the <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Lib/</span></code> subdirectory and all its subdirectories:</p> <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">compileall</span> <span class="n">compileall</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">compile_dir</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Lib/'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">force</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># Perform same compilation, excluding files in .svn directories.</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">re</span> <span class="n">compileall</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">compile_dir</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Lib/'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">rx</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">re</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">compile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">r</span><span class="s1">'[/</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s1">][.]svn'</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">force</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># pathlib.Path objects can also be used.</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">pathlib</span> <span class="n">compileall</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">compile_dir</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pathlib</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Path</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Lib/'</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">force</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> </div> <div class="admonition seealso"> <p class="first admonition-title">See also</p> <dl class="last docutils"> <dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="py_compile.html#module-py_compile" title="py_compile: Generate byte-code files from Python source files."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">py_compile</span></code></a></dt> <dd>Byte-compile a single source file.</dd> </dl> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <h3><a href="../contents.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3> <ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">32.11. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">compileall</span></code> — Byte-compile Python libraries</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#command-line-use">32.11.1. Command-line use</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#public-functions">32.11.2. Public functions</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h4>Previous topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="py_compile.html" title="previous chapter">32.10. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">py_compile</span></code> — Compile Python source files</a></p> <h4>Next topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="dis.html" title="next chapter">32.12. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dis</span></code> — Disassembler for Python bytecode</a></p> <div role="note" aria-label="source link"> <h3>This Page</h3> <ul class="this-page-menu"> <li><a href="../bugs.html">Report a Bug</a></li> <li> <a href="https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.6/Doc/library/compileall.rst" rel="nofollow">Show Source </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" >index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="dis.html" title="32.12. dis — Disassembler for Python bytecode" >next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="py_compile.html" title="32.10. py_compile — Compile Python source files" >previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">3.6.7 Documentation</a> » </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-2"><a href="language.html" >32. 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